| rev |
line source |
|
bos@559
|
1 <!-- vim: set filetype=docbkxml shiftwidth=2 autoindent expandtab tw=77 : -->
|
|
bos@559
|
2
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
3 <chapter id="chap.template">
|
|
bos@572
|
4 <?dbhtml filename="customizing-the-output-of-mercurial.html"?>
|
|
bos@559
|
5 <title>Customising the output of Mercurial</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
6
|
|
bos@559
|
7 <para>Mercurial provides a powerful mechanism to let you control how
|
|
bos@559
|
8 it displays information. The mechanism is based on templates.
|
|
bos@559
|
9 You can use templates to generate specific output for a single
|
|
bos@559
|
10 command, or to customise the entire appearance of the built-in web
|
|
bos@559
|
11 interface.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
12
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
13 <sect1 id="sec.style">
|
|
bos@559
|
14 <title>Using precanned output styles</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
15
|
|
bos@559
|
16 <para>Packaged with Mercurial are some output styles that you can
|
|
bos@559
|
17 use immediately. A style is simply a precanned template that
|
|
bos@559
|
18 someone wrote and installed somewhere that Mercurial can
|
|
bos@559
|
19 find.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
20
|
|
bos@559
|
21 <para>Before we take a look at Mercurial's bundled styles, let's
|
|
bos@559
|
22 review its normal output.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
23
|
|
bos@567
|
24 &interaction.template.simple.normal;
|
|
bos@559
|
25
|
|
bos@559
|
26 <para>This is somewhat informative, but it takes up a lot of
|
|
bos@559
|
27 space&emdash;five lines of output per changeset. The
|
|
bos@559
|
28 <literal>compact</literal> style reduces this to three lines,
|
|
bos@559
|
29 presented in a sparse manner.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
30
|
|
bos@567
|
31 &interaction.template.simple.compact;
|
|
bos@559
|
32
|
|
bos@559
|
33 <para>The <literal>changelog</literal> style hints at the
|
|
bos@559
|
34 expressive power of Mercurial's templating engine. This style
|
|
bos@559
|
35 attempts to follow the GNU Project's changelog
|
|
bos@559
|
36 guidelines<citation>web:changelog</citation>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
37
|
|
bos@567
|
38 &interaction.template.simple.changelog;
|
|
bos@559
|
39
|
|
bos@559
|
40 <para>You will not be shocked to learn that Mercurial's default
|
|
bos@559
|
41 output style is named <literal>default</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
42
|
|
bos@559
|
43 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
44 <title>Setting a default style</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
45
|
|
bos@559
|
46 <para>You can modify the output style that Mercurial will use
|
|
bos@580
|
47 for every command by editing your <filename
|
|
bos@580
|
48 role="special">~/.hgrc</filename> file, naming the style
|
|
bos@580
|
49 you would prefer to use.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
50
|
|
bos@580
|
51 <programlisting>[ui]
|
|
bos@580
|
52 style = compact</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
53
|
|
bos@559
|
54 <para>If you write a style of your own, you can use it by either
|
|
bos@559
|
55 providing the path to your style file, or copying your style
|
|
bos@559
|
56 file into a location where Mercurial can find it (typically
|
|
bos@559
|
57 the <literal>templates</literal> subdirectory of your
|
|
bos@559
|
58 Mercurial install directory).</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
59
|
|
bos@559
|
60 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
61 </sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
62 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
63 <title>Commands that support styles and templates</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
64
|
|
bos@559
|
65 <para>All of Mercurial's
|
|
bos@559
|
66 <quote><literal>log</literal>-like</quote> commands let you use
|
|
bos@559
|
67 styles and templates: <command role="hg-cmd">hg
|
|
bos@559
|
68 incoming</command>, <command role="hg-cmd">hg log</command>,
|
|
bos@559
|
69 <command role="hg-cmd">hg outgoing</command>, and <command
|
|
bos@559
|
70 role="hg-cmd">hg tip</command>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
71
|
|
bos@559
|
72 <para>As I write this manual, these are so far the only commands
|
|
bos@559
|
73 that support styles and templates. Since these are the most
|
|
bos@559
|
74 important commands that need customisable output, there has been
|
|
bos@559
|
75 little pressure from the Mercurial user community to add style
|
|
bos@559
|
76 and template support to other commands.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
77
|
|
bos@559
|
78 </sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
79 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
80 <title>The basics of templating</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
81
|
|
bos@559
|
82 <para>At its simplest, a Mercurial template is a piece of text.
|
|
bos@559
|
83 Some of the text never changes, while other parts are
|
|
bos@559
|
84 <emphasis>expanded</emphasis>, or replaced with new text, when
|
|
bos@559
|
85 necessary.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
86
|
|
bos@559
|
87 <para>Before we continue, let's look again at a simple example of
|
|
bos@559
|
88 Mercurial's normal output.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
89
|
|
bos@567
|
90 &interaction.template.simple.normal;
|
|
bos@559
|
91
|
|
bos@559
|
92 <para>Now, let's run the same command, but using a template to
|
|
bos@559
|
93 change its output.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
94
|
|
bos@567
|
95 &interaction.template.simple.simplest;
|
|
bos@559
|
96
|
|
bos@559
|
97 <para>The example above illustrates the simplest possible
|
|
bos@559
|
98 template; it's just a piece of static text, printed once for
|
|
bos@559
|
99 each changeset. The <option
|
|
bos@559
|
100 role="hg-opt-log">--template</option> option to the <command
|
|
bos@559
|
101 role="hg-cmd">hg log</command> command tells Mercurial to use
|
|
bos@559
|
102 the given text as the template when printing each
|
|
bos@559
|
103 changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
104
|
|
bos@559
|
105 <para>Notice that the template string above ends with the text
|
|
bos@559
|
106 <quote><literal>\n</literal></quote>. This is an
|
|
bos@559
|
107 <emphasis>escape sequence</emphasis>, telling Mercurial to print
|
|
bos@559
|
108 a newline at the end of each template item. If you omit this
|
|
bos@559
|
109 newline, Mercurial will run each piece of output together. See
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
110 section <xref linkend="sec.template.escape"/> for more details
|
|
bos@559
|
111 of escape sequences.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
112
|
|
bos@559
|
113 <para>A template that prints a fixed string of text all the time
|
|
bos@559
|
114 isn't very useful; let's try something a bit more
|
|
bos@559
|
115 complex.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
116
|
|
bos@567
|
117 &interaction.template.simple.simplesub;
|
|
bos@559
|
118
|
|
bos@559
|
119 <para>As you can see, the string
|
|
bos@559
|
120 <quote><literal>{desc}</literal></quote> in the template has
|
|
bos@559
|
121 been replaced in the output with the description of each
|
|
bos@559
|
122 changeset. Every time Mercurial finds text enclosed in curly
|
|
bos@559
|
123 braces (<quote><literal>{</literal></quote> and
|
|
ori@561
|
124 <quote><literal>}</literal></quote>), it will try to replace the braces
|
|
bos@559
|
125 and text with the expansion of whatever is inside. To print a
|
|
bos@559
|
126 literal curly brace, you must escape it, as described in section
|
|
bos@559
|
127 <xref
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
128 linkend="sec.template.escape"/>.</para>
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
129
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
130 </sect1>
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
131 <sect1 id="sec.template.keyword">
|
|
bos@559
|
132 <title>Common template keywords</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
133
|
|
bos@559
|
134 <para>You can start writing simple templates immediately using the
|
|
bos@559
|
135 keywords below.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
136
|
|
bos@559
|
137 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
138 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
139 role="template-keyword">author</literal>: String. The
|
|
bos@559
|
140 unmodified author of the changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
141 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
142 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
143 role="template-keyword">branches</literal>: String. The
|
|
bos@559
|
144 name of the branch on which the changeset was committed.
|
|
bos@559
|
145 Will be empty if the branch name was
|
|
bos@559
|
146 <literal>default</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
147 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
148 <listitem><para><literal role="template-keyword">date</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
149 Date information. The date when the changeset was
|
|
bos@559
|
150 committed. This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> human-readable;
|
|
bos@559
|
151 you must pass it through a filter that will render it
|
|
bos@559
|
152 appropriately. See section <xref
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
153 linkend="sec.template.filter"/> for more information
|
|
bos@559
|
154 on filters. The date is expressed as a pair of numbers. The
|
|
bos@559
|
155 first number is a Unix UTC timestamp (seconds since January
|
|
bos@559
|
156 1, 1970); the second is the offset of the committer's
|
|
bos@559
|
157 timezone from UTC, in seconds.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
158 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
159 <listitem><para><literal role="template-keyword">desc</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
160 String. The text of the changeset description.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
161 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
162 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
163 role="template-keyword">files</literal>: List of strings.
|
|
bos@559
|
164 All files modified, added, or removed by this
|
|
bos@559
|
165 changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
166 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
167 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
168 role="template-keyword">file_adds</literal>: List of
|
|
bos@559
|
169 strings. Files added by this changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
170 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
171 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
172 role="template-keyword">file_dels</literal>: List of
|
|
bos@559
|
173 strings. Files removed by this changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
174 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
175 <listitem><para><literal role="template-keyword">node</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
176 String. The changeset identification hash, as a
|
|
bos@559
|
177 40-character hexadecimal string.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
178 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
179 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
180 role="template-keyword">parents</literal>: List of
|
|
bos@559
|
181 strings. The parents of the changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
182 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
183 <listitem><para><literal role="template-keyword">rev</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
184 Integer. The repository-local changeset revision
|
|
bos@559
|
185 number.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
186 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
187 <listitem><para><literal role="template-keyword">tags</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
188 List of strings. Any tags associated with the
|
|
bos@559
|
189 changeset.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
190 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
191
|
|
bos@559
|
192 <para>A few simple experiments will show us what to expect when we
|
|
bos@559
|
193 use these keywords; you can see the results below.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
194
|
|
bos@567
|
195 &interaction.template.simple.keywords;
|
|
bos@559
|
196
|
|
bos@559
|
197 <para>As we noted above, the date keyword does not produce
|
|
bos@559
|
198 human-readable output, so we must treat it specially. This
|
|
bos@559
|
199 involves using a <emphasis>filter</emphasis>, about which more
|
|
bos@559
|
200 in section <xref
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
201 linkend="sec.template.filter"/>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
202
|
|
bos@567
|
203 &interaction.template.simple.datekeyword;
|
|
bos@559
|
204
|
|
bos@559
|
205 </sect1>
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
206 <sect1 id="sec.template.escape">
|
|
bos@559
|
207 <title>Escape sequences</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
208
|
|
bos@559
|
209 <para>Mercurial's templating engine recognises the most commonly
|
|
bos@559
|
210 used escape sequences in strings. When it sees a backslash
|
|
bos@559
|
211 (<quote><literal>\</literal></quote>) character, it looks at the
|
|
bos@559
|
212 following character and substitutes the two characters with a
|
|
bos@559
|
213 single replacement, as described below.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
214
|
|
bos@559
|
215 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@580
|
216 <listitem><para><literal>\</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
217 Backslash, <quote><literal>\</literal></quote>, ASCII
|
|
bos@559
|
218 134.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
219 </listitem>
|
|
bos@580
|
220 <listitem><para><literal>\n</literal>: Newline,
|
|
bos@559
|
221 ASCII 12.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
222 </listitem>
|
|
bos@580
|
223 <listitem><para><literal>\r</literal>: Carriage
|
|
bos@559
|
224 return, ASCII 15.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
225 </listitem>
|
|
bos@580
|
226 <listitem><para><literal>\t</literal>: Tab, ASCII
|
|
bos@559
|
227 11.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
228 </listitem>
|
|
bos@580
|
229 <listitem><para><literal>\v</literal>: Vertical
|
|
bos@559
|
230 tab, ASCII 13.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
231 </listitem>
|
|
bos@580
|
232 <listitem><para><literal>{</literal>: Open curly
|
|
bos@559
|
233 brace, <quote><literal>{</literal></quote>, ASCII
|
|
bos@559
|
234 173.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
235 </listitem>
|
|
bos@580
|
236 <listitem><para><literal>}</literal>: Close curly
|
|
bos@559
|
237 brace, <quote><literal>}</literal></quote>, ASCII
|
|
bos@559
|
238 175.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
239 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
240
|
|
bos@559
|
241 <para>As indicated above, if you want the expansion of a template
|
|
bos@559
|
242 to contain a literal <quote><literal>\</literal></quote>,
|
|
bos@559
|
243 <quote><literal>{</literal></quote>, or
|
|
bos@559
|
244 <quote><literal>{</literal></quote> character, you must escape
|
|
bos@559
|
245 it.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
246
|
|
bos@559
|
247 </sect1>
|
|
dongsheng@625
|
248 <sect1 id="sec.template.filter">
|
|
bos@559
|
249 <title>Filtering keywords to change their results</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
250
|
|
bos@559
|
251 <para>Some of the results of template expansion are not
|
|
bos@559
|
252 immediately easy to use. Mercurial lets you specify an optional
|
|
bos@559
|
253 chain of <emphasis>filters</emphasis> to modify the result of
|
|
bos@559
|
254 expanding a keyword. You have already seen a common filter,
|
|
bos@559
|
255 <literal role="template-kw-filt-date">isodate</literal>, in
|
|
bos@559
|
256 action above, to make a date readable.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
257
|
|
bos@559
|
258 <para>Below is a list of the most commonly used filters that
|
|
bos@559
|
259 Mercurial supports. While some filters can be applied to any
|
|
bos@559
|
260 text, others can only be used in specific circumstances. The
|
|
bos@559
|
261 name of each filter is followed first by an indication of where
|
|
bos@559
|
262 it can be used, then a description of its effect.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
263
|
|
bos@559
|
264 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
265 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
266 role="template-filter">addbreaks</literal>: Any text. Add
|
|
bos@559
|
267 an XHTML <quote><literal><br/></literal></quote> tag
|
|
bos@559
|
268 before the end of every line except the last. For example,
|
|
bos@559
|
269 <quote><literal>foo\nbar</literal></quote> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
270 <quote><literal>foo<br/>\nbar</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
271 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
272 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
273 role="template-kw-filt-date">age</literal>: <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
274 role="template-keyword">date</literal> keyword. Render
|
|
bos@559
|
275 the age of the date, relative to the current time. Yields a
|
|
bos@559
|
276 string like <quote><literal>10
|
|
bos@559
|
277 minutes</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
278 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
279 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
280 role="template-filter">basename</literal>: Any text, but
|
|
bos@559
|
281 most useful for the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
282 role="template-keyword">files</literal> keyword and its
|
|
bos@559
|
283 relatives. Treat the text as a path, and return the
|
|
bos@559
|
284 basename. For example,
|
|
bos@559
|
285 <quote><literal>foo/bar/baz</literal></quote> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
286 <quote><literal>baz</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
287 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
288 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
289 role="template-kw-filt-date">date</literal>: <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
290 role="template-keyword">date</literal> keyword. Render a
|
|
bos@559
|
291 date in a similar format to the Unix <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
292 role="template-keyword">date</literal> command, but with
|
|
bos@559
|
293 timezone included. Yields a string like <quote><literal>Mon
|
|
bos@559
|
294 Sep 04 15:13:13 2006 -0700</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
295 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
296 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
297 role="template-kw-filt-author">domain</literal>: Any text,
|
|
bos@559
|
298 but most useful for the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
299 role="template-keyword">author</literal> keyword. Finds
|
|
bos@559
|
300 the first string that looks like an email address, and
|
|
bos@559
|
301 extract just the domain component. For example,
|
|
bos@559
|
302 <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan
|
|
bos@559
|
303 <bos@serpentine.com></literal></quote> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
304 <quote><literal>serpentine.com</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
305 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
306 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
307 role="template-kw-filt-author">email</literal>: Any text,
|
|
bos@559
|
308 but most useful for the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
309 role="template-keyword">author</literal> keyword. Extract
|
|
bos@559
|
310 the first string that looks like an email address. For
|
|
bos@559
|
311 example, <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan
|
|
bos@559
|
312 <bos@serpentine.com></literal></quote> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
313 <quote><literal>bos@serpentine.com</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
314 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
315 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
316 role="template-filter">escape</literal>: Any text.
|
|
bos@559
|
317 Replace the special XML/XHTML characters
|
|
bos@559
|
318 <quote><literal>&</literal></quote>,
|
|
bos@559
|
319 <quote><literal><</literal></quote> and
|
|
bos@559
|
320 <quote><literal>></literal></quote> with XML
|
|
bos@559
|
321 entities.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
322 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
323 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
324 role="template-filter">fill68</literal>: Any text. Wrap
|
|
bos@559
|
325 the text to fit in 68 columns. This is useful before you
|
|
bos@559
|
326 pass text through the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
327 role="template-filter">tabindent</literal> filter, and
|
|
bos@559
|
328 still want it to fit in an 80-column fixed-font
|
|
bos@559
|
329 window.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
330 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
331 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
332 role="template-filter">fill76</literal>: Any text. Wrap
|
|
bos@559
|
333 the text to fit in 76 columns.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
334 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
335 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
336 role="template-filter">firstline</literal>: Any text.
|
|
bos@559
|
337 Yield the first line of text, without any trailing
|
|
bos@559
|
338 newlines.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
339 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
340 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
341 role="template-kw-filt-date">hgdate</literal>: <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
342 role="template-keyword">date</literal> keyword. Render
|
|
bos@559
|
343 the date as a pair of readable numbers. Yields a string
|
|
bos@559
|
344 like <quote><literal>1157407993
|
|
bos@559
|
345 25200</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
346 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
347 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
348 role="template-kw-filt-date">isodate</literal>: <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
349 role="template-keyword">date</literal> keyword. Render
|
|
bos@559
|
350 the date as a text string in ISO 8601 format. Yields a
|
|
bos@559
|
351 string like <quote><literal>2006-09-04 15:13:13
|
|
bos@559
|
352 -0700</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
353 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
354 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
355 role="template-filter">obfuscate</literal>: Any text, but
|
|
bos@559
|
356 most useful for the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
357 role="template-keyword">author</literal> keyword. Yield
|
|
bos@559
|
358 the input text rendered as a sequence of XML entities. This
|
|
bos@559
|
359 helps to defeat some particularly stupid screen-scraping
|
|
bos@559
|
360 email harvesting spambots.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
361 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
362 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
363 role="template-kw-filt-author">person</literal>: Any text,
|
|
bos@559
|
364 but most useful for the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
365 role="template-keyword">author</literal> keyword. Yield
|
|
bos@559
|
366 the text before an email address. For example,
|
|
bos@559
|
367 <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan
|
|
bos@559
|
368 <bos@serpentine.com></literal></quote> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
369 <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
370 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
371 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
372 role="template-kw-filt-date">rfc822date</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
373 <literal role="template-keyword">date</literal> keyword.
|
|
bos@559
|
374 Render a date using the same format used in email headers.
|
|
bos@559
|
375 Yields a string like <quote><literal>Mon, 04 Sep 2006
|
|
bos@559
|
376 15:13:13 -0700</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
377 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
378 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
379 role="template-kw-filt-node">short</literal>: Changeset
|
|
bos@559
|
380 hash. Yield the short form of a changeset hash, i.e. a
|
|
bos@559
|
381 12-character hexadecimal string.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
382 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
383 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
384 role="template-kw-filt-date">shortdate</literal>: <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
385 role="template-keyword">date</literal> keyword. Render
|
|
bos@559
|
386 the year, month, and day of the date. Yields a string like
|
|
bos@559
|
387 <quote><literal>2006-09-04</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
388 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
389 <listitem><para><literal role="template-filter">strip</literal>:
|
|
bos@559
|
390 Any text. Strip all leading and trailing whitespace from
|
|
bos@559
|
391 the string.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
392 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
393 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
394 role="template-filter">tabindent</literal>: Any text.
|
|
bos@559
|
395 Yield the text, with every line except the first starting
|
|
bos@559
|
396 with a tab character.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
397 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
398 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
399 role="template-filter">urlescape</literal>: Any text.
|
|
bos@559
|
400 Escape all characters that are considered
|
|
bos@559
|
401 <quote>special</quote> by URL parsers. For example,
|
|
bos@559
|
402 <literal>foo bar</literal> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
403 <literal>foo%20bar</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
404 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
405 <listitem><para><literal
|
|
bos@559
|
406 role="template-kw-filt-author">user</literal>: Any text,
|
|
bos@559
|
407 but most useful for the <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
408 role="template-keyword">author</literal> keyword. Return
|
|
bos@559
|
409 the <quote>user</quote> portion of an email address. For
|
|
bos@559
|
410 example, <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan
|
|
bos@559
|
411 <bos@serpentine.com></literal></quote> becomes
|
|
bos@559
|
412 <quote><literal>bos</literal></quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
413 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
414
|
|
bos@567
|
415 &interaction.template.simple.manyfilters;
|
|
bos@559
|
416
|
|
bos@559
|
417 <note>
|
|
bos@559
|
418 <para> If you try to apply a filter to a piece of data that it
|
|
bos@559
|
419 cannot process, Mercurial will fail and print a Python
|
|
bos@559
|
420 exception. For example, trying to run the output of the
|
|
bos@559
|
421 <literal role="template-keyword">desc</literal> keyword into
|
|
bos@559
|
422 the <literal role="template-kw-filt-date">isodate</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
423 filter is not a good idea.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
424 </note>
|
|
bos@559
|
425
|
|
bos@559
|
426 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
427 <title>Combining filters</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
428
|
|
bos@559
|
429 <para>It is easy to combine filters to yield output in the form
|
|
bos@559
|
430 you would like. The following chain of filters tidies up a
|
|
bos@559
|
431 description, then makes sure that it fits cleanly into 68
|
|
bos@559
|
432 columns, then indents it by a further 8 characters (at least
|
|
bos@559
|
433 on Unix-like systems, where a tab is conventionally 8
|
|
bos@559
|
434 characters wide).</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
435
|
|
bos@567
|
436 &interaction.template.simple.combine;
|
|
bos@559
|
437
|
|
bos@559
|
438 <para>Note the use of <quote><literal>\t</literal></quote> (a
|
|
bos@559
|
439 tab character) in the template to force the first line to be
|
|
bos@559
|
440 indented; this is necessary since <literal
|
|
bos@559
|
441 role="template-keyword">tabindent</literal> indents all
|
|
bos@559
|
442 lines <emphasis>except</emphasis> the first.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
443
|
|
bos@559
|
444 <para>Keep in mind that the order of filters in a chain is
|
|
bos@559
|
445 significant. The first filter is applied to the result of the
|
|
bos@559
|
446 keyword; the second to the result of the first filter; and so
|
|
bos@559
|
447 on. For example, using <literal>fill68|tabindent</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
448 gives very different results from
|
|
bos@559
|
449 <literal>tabindent|fill68</literal>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
450
|
|
bos@559
|
451
|
|
bos@559
|
452 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
453 </sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
454 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
455 <title>From templates to styles</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
456
|
|
bos@559
|
457 <para>A command line template provides a quick and simple way to
|
|
bos@559
|
458 format some output. Templates can become verbose, though, and
|
|
bos@559
|
459 it's useful to be able to give a template a name. A style file
|
|
bos@559
|
460 is a template with a name, stored in a file.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
461
|
|
bos@559
|
462 <para>More than that, using a style file unlocks the power of
|
|
bos@559
|
463 Mercurial's templating engine in ways that are not possible
|
|
bos@559
|
464 using the command line <option
|
|
bos@559
|
465 role="hg-opt-log">--template</option> option.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
466
|
|
bos@559
|
467 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
468 <title>The simplest of style files</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
469
|
|
bos@559
|
470 <para>Our simple style file contains just one line:</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
471
|
|
bos@567
|
472 &interaction.template.simple.rev;
|
|
bos@559
|
473
|
|
bos@559
|
474 <para>This tells Mercurial, <quote>if you're printing a
|
|
bos@559
|
475 changeset, use the text on the right as the
|
|
bos@559
|
476 template</quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
477
|
|
bos@559
|
478 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
479 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
480 <title>Style file syntax</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
481
|
|
bos@559
|
482 <para>The syntax rules for a style file are simple.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
483
|
|
bos@559
|
484 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
485 <listitem><para>The file is processed one line at a
|
|
bos@559
|
486 time.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
487 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
488 <listitem><para>Leading and trailing white space are
|
|
bos@559
|
489 ignored.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
490 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
491 <listitem><para>Empty lines are skipped.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
492 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
493 <listitem><para>If a line starts with either of the characters
|
|
bos@559
|
494 <quote><literal>#</literal></quote> or
|
|
bos@559
|
495 <quote><literal>;</literal></quote>, the entire line is
|
|
bos@559
|
496 treated as a comment, and skipped as if empty.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
497 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
498 <listitem><para>A line starts with a keyword. This must start
|
|
bos@559
|
499 with an alphabetic character or underscore, and can
|
|
bos@559
|
500 subsequently contain any alphanumeric character or
|
|
bos@559
|
501 underscore. (In regexp notation, a keyword must match
|
|
bos@559
|
502 <literal>[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*</literal>.)</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
503 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
504 <listitem><para>The next element must be an
|
|
bos@559
|
505 <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> character, which can
|
|
bos@559
|
506 be preceded or followed by an arbitrary amount of white
|
|
bos@559
|
507 space.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
508 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
509 <listitem><para>If the rest of the line starts and ends with
|
|
bos@559
|
510 matching quote characters (either single or double quote),
|
|
bos@559
|
511 it is treated as a template body.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
512 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
513 <listitem><para>If the rest of the line <emphasis>does
|
|
bos@559
|
514 not</emphasis> start with a quote character, it is
|
|
bos@559
|
515 treated as the name of a file; the contents of this file
|
|
bos@559
|
516 will be read and used as a template body.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
517 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
518
|
|
bos@559
|
519 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
520 </sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
521 <sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
522 <title>Style files by example</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
523
|
|
bos@559
|
524 <para>To illustrate how to write a style file, we will construct a
|
|
bos@559
|
525 few by example. Rather than provide a complete style file and
|
|
bos@559
|
526 walk through it, we'll mirror the usual process of developing a
|
|
bos@559
|
527 style file by starting with something very simple, and walking
|
|
bos@559
|
528 through a series of successively more complete examples.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
529
|
|
bos@559
|
530 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
531 <title>Identifying mistakes in style files</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
532
|
|
bos@559
|
533 <para>If Mercurial encounters a problem in a style file you are
|
|
bos@559
|
534 working on, it prints a terse error message that, once you
|
|
bos@559
|
535 figure out what it means, is actually quite useful.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
536
|
|
bos@567
|
537 &interaction.template.svnstyle.syntax.input;
|
|
bos@559
|
538
|
|
bos@559
|
539 <para>Notice that <filename>broken.style</filename> attempts to
|
|
bos@559
|
540 define a <literal>changeset</literal> keyword, but forgets to
|
|
bos@559
|
541 give any content for it. When instructed to use this style
|
|
bos@559
|
542 file, Mercurial promptly complains.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
543
|
|
bos@567
|
544 &interaction.template.svnstyle.syntax.error;
|
|
bos@559
|
545
|
|
bos@559
|
546 <para>This error message looks intimidating, but it is not too
|
|
bos@559
|
547 hard to follow.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
548
|
|
bos@559
|
549 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
550 <listitem><para>The first component is simply Mercurial's way
|
|
bos@559
|
551 of saying <quote>I am giving up</quote>.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
552 <programlisting>___abort___: broken.style:1: parse error</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
553 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
554 <listitem><para>Next comes the name of the style file that
|
|
bos@559
|
555 contains the error.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
556 <programlisting>abort: ___broken.style___:1: parse error</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
557 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
558 <listitem><para>Following the file name is the line number
|
|
bos@559
|
559 where the error was encountered.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
560 <programlisting>abort: broken.style:___1___: parse error</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
561 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
562 <listitem><para>Finally, a description of what went
|
|
bos@559
|
563 wrong.</para>
|
|
bos@580
|
564 <programlisting>abort: broken.style:1: ___parse error___</programlisting>
|
|
bos@559
|
565 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
566 <listitem><para>The description of the problem is not always
|
|
bos@559
|
567 clear (as in this case), but even when it is cryptic, it
|
|
bos@559
|
568 is almost always trivial to visually inspect the offending
|
|
bos@559
|
569 line in the style file and see what is wrong.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
570 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
571
|
|
bos@559
|
572 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
573 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
574 <title>Uniquely identifying a repository</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
575
|
|
bos@559
|
576 <para>If you would like to be able to identify a Mercurial
|
|
bos@559
|
577 repository <quote>fairly uniquely</quote> using a short string
|
|
bos@559
|
578 as an identifier, you can use the first revision in the
|
|
bos@567
|
579 repository.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
580
|
|
bos@567
|
581 &interaction.template.svnstyle.id;
|
|
bos@567
|
582
|
|
bos@567
|
583 <para>This is not guaranteed to be unique, but it is
|
|
bos@567
|
584 nevertheless useful in many cases.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
585 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
586 <listitem><para>It will not work in a completely empty
|
|
bos@559
|
587 repository, because such a repository does not have a
|
|
bos@559
|
588 revision zero.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
589 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
590 <listitem><para>Neither will it work in the (extremely rare)
|
|
bos@559
|
591 case where a repository is a merge of two or more formerly
|
|
bos@559
|
592 independent repositories, and you still have those
|
|
bos@559
|
593 repositories around.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
594 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
595 <para>Here are some uses to which you could put this
|
|
bos@559
|
596 identifier:</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
597 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
598 <listitem><para>As a key into a table for a database that
|
|
bos@559
|
599 manages repositories on a server.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
600 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
601 <listitem><para>As half of a {<emphasis>repository
|
|
bos@559
|
602 ID</emphasis>, <emphasis>revision ID</emphasis>} tuple.
|
|
bos@559
|
603 Save this information away when you run an automated build
|
|
bos@559
|
604 or other activity, so that you can <quote>replay</quote>
|
|
bos@559
|
605 the build later if necessary.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
606 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
607
|
|
bos@559
|
608 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
609 <sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
610 <title>Mimicking Subversion's output</title>
|
|
bos@559
|
611
|
|
bos@559
|
612 <para>Let's try to emulate the default output format used by
|
|
bos@567
|
613 another revision control tool, Subversion.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
614
|
|
bos@567
|
615 &interaction.template.svnstyle.short;
|
|
bos@559
|
616
|
|
bos@559
|
617 <para>Since Subversion's output style is fairly simple, it is
|
|
bos@559
|
618 easy to copy-and-paste a hunk of its output into a file, and
|
|
bos@559
|
619 replace the text produced above by Subversion with the
|
|
bos@567
|
620 template values we'd like to see expanded.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
621
|
|
bos@567
|
622 &interaction.template.svnstyle.template;
|
|
bos@559
|
623
|
|
bos@559
|
624 <para>There are a few small ways in which this template deviates
|
|
bos@559
|
625 from the output produced by Subversion.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
626 <itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
627 <listitem><para>Subversion prints a <quote>readable</quote>
|
|
ori@561
|
628 date (the <quote><literal>Wed, 27 Sep 2006</literal></quote> in the
|
|
bos@559
|
629 example output above) in parentheses. Mercurial's
|
|
bos@559
|
630 templating engine does not provide a way to display a date
|
|
bos@559
|
631 in this format without also printing the time and time
|
|
bos@559
|
632 zone.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
633 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
634 <listitem><para>We emulate Subversion's printing of
|
|
bos@559
|
635 <quote>separator</quote> lines full of
|
|
bos@559
|
636 <quote><literal>-</literal></quote> characters by ending
|
|
bos@559
|
637 the template with such a line. We use the templating
|
|
bos@559
|
638 engine's <literal role="template-keyword">header</literal>
|
|
bos@559
|
639 keyword to print a separator line as the first line of
|
|
bos@559
|
640 output (see below), thus achieving similar output to
|
|
bos@559
|
641 Subversion.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
642 </listitem>
|
|
bos@559
|
643 <listitem><para>Subversion's output includes a count in the
|
|
bos@559
|
644 header of the number of lines in the commit message. We
|
|
bos@559
|
645 cannot replicate this in Mercurial; the templating engine
|
|
bos@559
|
646 does not currently provide a filter that counts the number
|
|
bos@559
|
647 of lines the template generates.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
648 </listitem></itemizedlist>
|
|
bos@559
|
649 <para>It took me no more than a minute or two of work to replace
|
|
bos@559
|
650 literal text from an example of Subversion's output with some
|
|
bos@559
|
651 keywords and filters to give the template above. The style
|
|
bos@567
|
652 file simply refers to the template.</para>
|
|
bos@567
|
653
|
|
bos@567
|
654 &interaction.template.svnstyle.style;
|
|
bos@559
|
655
|
|
bos@559
|
656 <para>We could have included the text of the template file
|
|
bos@559
|
657 directly in the style file by enclosing it in quotes and
|
|
bos@559
|
658 replacing the newlines with
|
|
bos@559
|
659 <quote><literal>\n</literal></quote> sequences, but it would
|
|
bos@559
|
660 have made the style file too difficult to read. Readability
|
|
bos@559
|
661 is a good guide when you're trying to decide whether some text
|
|
bos@559
|
662 belongs in a style file, or in a template file that the style
|
|
bos@559
|
663 file points to. If the style file will look too big or
|
|
bos@559
|
664 cluttered if you insert a literal piece of text, drop it into
|
|
bos@559
|
665 a template instead.</para>
|
|
bos@559
|
666
|
|
bos@559
|
667 </sect2>
|
|
bos@559
|
668 </sect1>
|
|
bos@559
|
669 </chapter>
|
|
bos@559
|
670
|
|
bos@559
|
671 <!--
|
|
bos@559
|
672 local variables:
|
|
bos@559
|
673 sgml-parent-document: ("00book.xml" "book" "chapter")
|
|
bos@559
|
674 end:
|
|
bos@559
|
675 -->
|
